【中英双语】佩洛西窜台的若干事实

新华社北京8月24日电

佩洛西窜台的若干事实

引言

美国国会众议长佩洛西不顾中方严正警告，执意窜访中国台湾地区，严重侵犯中国主权安全，严重损害中国领土完整，严重危害台海和平稳定，严重冲击中美关系政治基础，中方被迫采取反制措施。美方混淆是非、颠倒黑白，在国际上散布虚假信息，无理指责中方正当反制维权举措，企图误导国际社会对台湾问题的认知。我们有必要摆出事实，正本清源，让美国霸权本质和强盗逻辑无处遁形。

事实1：一个中国原则是中美关系的政治基础，其含义清晰、明确。世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分，中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府。这是一个中国的本源本意，也是国际社会的普遍共识。美国口头上称坚持一个中国政策，实际上在不断“切香肠”，歪曲、篡改、虚化、掏空一个中国原则。

◆台湾自古即属中国的历史经纬清晰、法理事实清楚。

大量的史书和文献记载了中国人民早期开发台湾的情景。公元230年，三国时期留下了关于台湾最早的记述。宋元以后，中国历代中央政府开始在澎湖、台湾设治，实施行政管辖。16世纪中后期，明朝公文中开始使用“台湾”称谓，遂成定名。1624年，荷兰殖民者侵占台湾南部。1662年，民族英雄郑成功驱逐荷兰殖民者收复台湾。清朝政府逐步在台湾扩增行政机构，1684年设立台湾府，隶属福建省管辖；1885年改设台湾为行省。

1894年7月，日本发动侵略中国的甲午战争，次年4月迫使战败的清朝政府割让台湾及澎湖列岛。抗日战争时期，中国共产党人明确提出收复台湾的主张。1937年5月15日，毛泽东同志会见美国记者尼姆·韦尔斯时表示：“中国的抗战是要求得最后的胜利，这个胜利的范围，不限于山海关，不限于东北，还要包括台湾的解放。”

1943年12月1日，中美英三国政府发表《开罗宣言》宣布，三国之宗旨在使日本所窃取于中国之领土，例如东北、台湾、澎湖列岛等，归还中国。1945年7月26日，中美英三国共同签署、后来苏联参加的《波茨坦公告》，重申“开罗宣言之条件必将实施”。同年9月，日本签署《日本投降条款》，承诺“忠诚履行波茨坦公告各项规定之义务”。10月25日，中国政府宣告“恢复对台湾行使主权”，并在台北举行“中国战区台湾省受降仪式”。由此，通过一系列具有国际法律效力的文件，中国从法律和事实上收复了台湾。

1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国中央人民政府宣告成立，取代中华民国政府成为代表全中国的唯一合法政府。这是在中国这一国际法主体没有发生变化情况下的政权更替，中国的主权和固有领土疆域没有改变，中华人民共和国政府理所当然地完全享有和行使中国的主权，包括对台湾的主权。由于中国内战延续和外部势力干涉，海峡两岸陷入长期政治对立的特殊状态，但中国的主权和领土从未分割也决不允许分割，台湾是中国领土的一部分的地位从未改变也决不允许改变。

◆联大第2758号决议确认了一个中国原则，得到国际社会普遍遵循。

1971年10月，第26届联合国大会通过第2758号决议，决定：“恢复中华人民共和国的一切权利，承认她的政府的代表为中国在联合国组织的唯一合法代表并立即把蒋介石的代表从它在联合国组织及其所属一切机构中所非法占据的席位上驱逐出去。”这一决议不仅从政治上、法律上和程序上彻底解决了包括台湾在内全中国在联合国的代表权问题，而且明确了中国在联合国的席位只有一个，不存在“两个中国”“一中一台”的问题。随后，联合国相关专门机构以正式决议等方式，恢复中华人民共和国享有的合法席位，驱逐台湾当局的“代表”。

联合国秘书处官方法律意见明确指出，“台湾作为中国的一个省没有独立地位”，“台湾当局不享有任何形式的政府地位”。实践中，联合国对台湾使用的称谓是“台湾，中国的省（Taiwan，Province of China）”。

◆坚持一个中国原则是美国做出的政治承诺，也是中美建立外交关系的前提和基础。

美国在1972年发表的“上海公报”中明确表示：“美国认识到，在台湾海峡两边的所有中国人都认为只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。美国政府对这一立场不提出异议。”

美国在1978年发表的“中美建交公报”中明确表示：“美利坚合众国政府承认中国的立场，即只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分”；“美利坚合众国承认中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府。在此范围内，美国人民将同台湾人民保持文化、商务和其他非官方关系”。

美国在1982年发表的“八·一七”公报中明确表示：“中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府发表的一九七九年一月一日建立外交关系的联合公报中，美利坚合众国承认中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府，并承认中国的立场，即只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。美国政府无意侵犯中国的主权和领土完整，无意干涉中国的内政，也无意执行‘两个中国’或‘一中一台’政策。”

◆美国偷梁换柱、瞒天过海，不断挑战一个中国原则。

根据国际法，美国应善意、诚信履行其承诺，不能援引其国内法规定不履行其承诺和国际法义务，也不能以事后作出的秘密保证单方面曲解与中方达成的联合公报。然而，2001年小布什政府上台后，美国把单方面炮制的“与台湾关系法”置于中美三个联合公报之前。特朗普政府后期又将秘而不宣的“对台六项保证”公然放在美国一中政策表述中。美方还删除了美国务院网站“台湾是中国的一部分”等关键表述。佩洛西窜台后，美伙同盟友发表所谓声明，妄图在一个中国政策的表述中增加所谓“适用情形”，为今后随意曲解留下空间。

近年来，美国无视《开罗宣言》《波茨坦公告》等国际法律文件，妄称联大第2758号决议没有处理“台湾的代表权问题”，炒作非法无效的“旧金山和约”，鼓吹“台湾地位未定”，宣称支持台湾“有意义地参与联合国体系”，企图改变台湾是中国的一部分的地位，制造“两个中国”“一中一台”，实现其“以台制华”的政治目的。

美国所作所为违背自身政治承诺，严重违反国际法上的禁止反言原则，违背《联合国宪章》所确立的主权和领土完整、不干涉内政等国际法基本原则，非法性显而易见。

　　事实2：国会是美国政府的组成部分，国会议员窜台违背美国仅同台湾保持非官方关系的政治承诺，违反一个中国原则和中美三个联合公报。美国政府有责任确保其对中方作出的政治承诺得到政府各个组成部分的遵守和执行。

　　◆美国作为一个国家，对外政策只能有一个。国会作为美政府的组成部分，有责任履行美政府的对外承诺，应严格遵守一个中国政策，不与中国台湾地区进行任何官方往来。无论根据国际法还是美国内法，“三权分立”都不是美无视国际义务，违反国际关系基本准则、挑衅中国主权、违背其在台湾问题上所做承诺的借口。

　　◆佩洛西窜台公然违背美国“不与台发展官方关系”的承诺。佩洛西作为美国会众议长，是美排位第三的领导人，是仅次于副总统的美总统第二顺位继承人。她乘坐美政府军用专机，受到台民进党当局高规格接待。在台期间，佩洛西张口闭口代表美国，声称“美国与台湾站在一起”，发表新闻通告称这是25年来美众议长首次对台进行官方访问，民进党当局更宣扬佩洛西窜台是台美关系的重大突破。

　　◆过去的错误不能成为错上加错的借口，更无法为现在的错误正名。美国前众议长金里奇1997年窜访台湾地区本身就是错误的，中方始终坚决反对。美国不能用金里奇犯的错误来洗白佩洛西窜台的非法勾当，更不能为今后进一步升级美台官方接触制造新的借口。

　　事实3：佩洛西窜台根本与民主无关，而是侵犯中国主权和领土完整、违背14亿多中国人民意志、挑战国际社会一个中国共识的政治作秀和严重挑衅。

　　◆佩洛西打着“民主”幌子，刻意扭曲台湾问题纯属中国内政问题的性质，企图否定中国政府维护国家主权和领土完整的正当性和合理性，侵犯中国主权、破坏中国稳定、遏制中国发展，是赤裸裸的政治操弄。

　　◆美国在国际上炒作所谓“民主对抗威权”叙事，实质是固守冷战思维、零和博弈错误理念，将意识形态和价值观作为推进地缘战略的工具，极力维护美国霸权和“西方中心主义”。

　　◆美国民主已背离民主内核。美式民主是建立在资本基础上的“富人游戏”，91%的美国国会选举由获得最多资金支持的候选人赢得。名为“一人一票”，实为“少数精英统治”，普通选民只有拉票时受宠、选举后就被冷落。权力制衡变成“否决政治”，党派利益凌驾于国家发展之上。美选举制度弊端明显，操弄选区划分的“杰利蝾螈”做法盛行，损害公平正义。美国内民主问题积重难返，金钱政治、身份政治、政党对立、政治极化、社会撕裂、种族矛盾、贫富分化等问题愈演愈烈，国会暴乱震惊全球，弗洛伊德之死激起广泛抗议浪潮，疫情失控酿成人间惨剧，“富者愈富，贫者愈贫”现象严重，美式民主失灵失效成为难以掩盖的事实。

　　皮尤研究中心等多项民调显示，包括美国民众在内的国际社会不看好美国的民主状况。美共和党议员马乔丽·格林表示，“佩洛西没有留在国内，解决困扰美国人民的问题。她已经掌握了几十年的权力，而整个国家却在崩溃。这种捍卫民主的假‘勇气’已经够多了。”

　　◆长期以来，美国假民主之名肆意干涉发展中国家内政，发动军事干涉和侵略，是对地区和国际安全的最大威胁。2001年以来，美国以民主为名，在阿富汗、伊拉克、利比亚、叙利亚发动的战争和军事行动造成几十万人死亡，数百万人受伤，数千万人流离失所，酿成多国人道灾难。美国打着所谓“民主价值”的旗号，大肆干涉别国内政，甚至策动政权更迭、扶持亲美政府。美国在拉美推行“新门罗主义”，在欧亚地区煽动“颜色革命”，在西亚北非国家制造“阿拉伯之春”，给多国带来混乱和灾难，严重损害世界和平、稳定和发展。时至今日，美国仍试图按照美式标准将世界划分为“民主”和“非民主”两大阵营，公然挑动分裂和对抗。这种行为只会给国际社会带来更大的动荡和灾难。

　　事实4：改变台海现状、挑起危机的是美国和“台独”分裂势力。

　　◆台海的真正现状是：世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分，中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府。两岸同属一个中国，中国的领土和主权从未分割。

　　◆台民进党当局坚持“台独”分裂立场，不断谋“独”挑衅，是改变台海现状的始作俑者。他们把谋求独立写入民进党党纲，拒不接受一个中国原则，妄称“中华民国与中华人民共和国互不隶属”，公然抛出“新两国论”；他们在岛内推行“去中国化”“渐进台独”，纵容“急独”势力鼓噪推动“修宪修法”，欺骗台湾民众，煽动仇视大陆，阻挠破坏两岸交流合作和融合发展，加紧“以武谋独”“以武拒统”；他们勾结外部势力，在国际上竭力制造“两个中国”“一中一台”，在“台独”分裂的道路上越走越远。

　　◆美国“以台制华”、打“台湾牌”，对“台独”分裂势力纵容支持，也是在改变台海现状。

　　美国公然违背仅与台保持非官方关系的承诺，不断提升美台接触水平。美卫生与公众服务部长、副国务卿等高官、国会议员、驻外使节等相继窜台或同台接触。2021年1月，时任美国务卿蓬佩奥宣布取消美台官员往来限制。4月，美国务院公布新版对台交往准则，鼓励美政府官员同台湾接触。佩洛西众议长作为美政府三号人物窜访台湾地区更是美台官方交往的严重升级。

　　美国违背逐步减少对台湾的武器出售，并经过一段时间导致最后解决的承诺，不断加大对台军售规模，为“台独”分裂活动撑腰。自1979年美与台当局“断交”至今，美售台武器的规模和性能不断提升，43年对台军售总额超过700亿美元。特朗普政府执政4年累计对台军售11次，金额达近200亿美元。美现政府迄已5次批准对台军售，涉及爱国者导弹系统、自行火炮、弹药补给车等先进装备和系统。

　　美国不断挑战国际社会共识，散布“台湾地位未定论”，持续助台拓展所谓“国际空间”。极力鼓噪台湾作为观察员参加第75届世卫大会，妄称各国有权自行界定一个中国政策框架，鼓励台所谓“邦交国”保持甚至加强同台关系。必须指出，中国台湾地区参与国际组织问题只能按照一个中国原则来处理，这是联大第2758号决议确认的重要原则，也是国际社会的普遍共识，不容操弄。

　　◆美国在台湾问题上的立场招致美国内多方批评。2022年5月，美前国务卿基辛格在达沃斯世界经济论坛上明确警示，坚持一个中国原则十分关键，美国不应采用欺骗性手段或渐进方式推动“两个中国”方案。2022年8月1日，美资深媒体人兼《纽约时报》专栏作家弗里德曼发表文章指出，如果佩洛西执意窜访台湾，会是无比鲁莽、危险且不负责任的举动。这样做不会带来任何好的结果，台湾也不会因为这种纯粹仅有象征意义的访问变得更加安全或繁荣。

　　◆一个中国原则是对台海现状的清晰界定。违背、挑战一个中国原则就是企图改变台海现状。中国人民有捍卫国家主权和领土完整的坚强决心、坚定意志和强大能力。中国将同国际社会一道，坚定维护一个中国原则，坚决粉碎民进党当局“倚美谋独”的幻想，坚决遏阻一切“以台制华”图谋。

　　事实5：佩洛西窜台是美国一手策划和挑起的，前因后果一清二楚，是非曲直一目了然。美台勾连挑衅在先，中方正当防卫在后。中方反制举措坚定、有力、适度，符合国内法、国际法和国际惯例。

　　◆佩洛西窜台，严重违反一个中国原则和中美三个联合公报规定，危害中国的核心利益，在本地区制造紧张、挑动对抗、策动分裂。对美方的挑衅行为，中方多次提出严正交涉，勿谓言之不预。对于美方一意孤行，中方理所当然必须坚决反制。

　　◆为避免这场美国一手挑起，强加给中国的危机，中方已经做出了最大程度的外交努力。在过去4个月里，中方通过各渠道、各层级反复向美方阐明坚决反对美众议长窜台的严正立场，指出此举是美方挑衅行为，将引发一场危机，中方绝不会坐视不理，美方不要有任何幻想和误判，由此造成的一切后果完全由美方承担。

　　◆中国政府针对佩洛西窜台采取的一切反制措施都属于中方维护主权和领土完整的正当合法权利，是必要、及时的防守反制，旨在维护国家主权和安全、阻止美国和“台独”势力在错误和危险的道路上走得更远。中方有关措施是对挑衅者的警示，也是对台海和平和地区稳定的维护。

　　◆中方对佩洛西窜台予以坚决反制，不仅是维护自身主权和领土完整的必要之举，也是维护国际关系基本准则和二战后确立的国际秩序的正当之举。一个中国原则得到联合国和绝大多数国家的承认，已成为公认的国际关系基本准则，构成二战后国际秩序的重要组成部分。坚定维护一个中国原则，坚决反对虚化、掏空一个中国原则的行径，就是旗帜鲜明维护不干涉内政、尊重各国主权和领土完整的国际法基本原则。

　　◆如果中国对美国干涉内政和损害主权的行为无动于衷，不对美国狂躁、不负责任的行径予以坚决抵制，尊重主权和领土完整等联合国宪章宗旨和国际关系基本准则就将沦为一纸空文，占世界人口80%以上的广大发展中国家随时可能成为下一个目标。中国坚决反对美国在台湾问题上挑衅滋事，就是对美国的霸道霸凌说不，就是维护国际公平正义。

　　◆根据国际法，任何国家均有尊重他国主权和领土完整、不干涉他国内政的义务；任何国家都有采取必要措施，维护主权和领土完整、阻止外部干涉的权利。

　　事实6：中国军队在中国台湾岛附近海域开展军事演训活动，合理合法。美国“以台制华”行径才是破坏台海甚至全球和平稳定的祸乱根源。

　　◆台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。中方在中国台湾岛附近海域开展军事演训活动公开、透明、专业，中方事先已发布安全提醒和航行警告，完全符合国内法、国际法和国际惯例。

　　◆中国军队在中国台湾岛附近海域开展正常的军事演训活动，旨在维护主权和领土完整，阻遏美国“以台制华”图谋，粉碎台当局“倚美谋独”幻想，真正维护台海和平和地区稳定。

　　◆加剧台海紧张局势的是美国。美国动辄到中国周边海域耀武扬威，挑衅滋事。美《2020财年国防授权法案》声称应继续派遣美军舰队“常态化穿越台湾海峡”，并鼓励盟友及伙伴跟进执行穿越任务。

　　美国迄已对台出售价值数百亿美元的武器装备，叫嚣助台提升“非对称战力”。美国防部高官声称台湾是美“第一岛链战略支点”并扬言要阻止中国统一进程。2022年2月，美国发布“印太战略报告”，宣称将支持台湾的自我防卫能力，把台湾问题引入地区战略，操弄地缘博弈把戏，渲染紧张、挑动对抗，破坏亚太和平稳定的险恶用心暴露无遗。

　　◆威胁世界和平稳定的也是美国。美国在世界各地发动军事行动、残害无辜平民，建国以来240多年历史中仅有16年没有打仗。据不完全统计，从二战结束到2001年，世界上153个地区发生248次武装冲突，其中美国发起201场。2001年以来，美国发动战争和军事行动造成超过90万人死亡，其中约有33.5万是平民，数百万人受伤、数千万人流离失所。美《国家利益》杂志援引美国传统基金会防务项目高级研究员达克塔·伍德的话说，美国平均每15年就卷入一场战争。事实证明，美国是“世界历史上最好战的国家”。

　　事实7：坚持一个中国原则的国家是绝大多数，包括东盟国家在内的170多个国家表态坚持一个中国原则。在这个问题上，受到孤立的是美国和极少数国家。

　　◆据不完全统计，针对佩洛西窜台，目前已有170多个国家和国际组织表达了对一个中国原则的有力支持。100多个国家的政府、政党、高官和多个国际组织公开表态，支持中方维护国家主权和领土完整。占世界人口80%以上的国家同中国站在一起，共同站在历史正确一边，站在公平正义一边。我们都主张尊重联合国宪章宗旨和原则，遵守国际关系基本准则，坚决反对任何国家干涉别国内政，反对侵犯其他国家主权和领土完整。这才是国际社会的主流声音，美国改变不了失道寡助的现实。

　　联大主席和联合国秘书长均明确表示，联合国将继续坚持联大第2758号决议，核心就是一个中国原则。

　　俄罗斯总统普京出席第十届莫斯科国际安全会议时表示，美国正在台湾问题上采取冒险行为，这不单纯是美某个不负责任政客的一次窜访，而是美蓄意破坏地区和世界稳定、图谋制造混乱战略的组成部分，充分暴露了其不尊重别国主权、无视自身国际责任的无耻嘴脸。俄方认为这是一次精心策划的挑衅。俄罗斯外交部发表声明称，佩洛西访台是公开挑衅，是美为全面遏制中国而采取的富有侵略性政策的体现。台湾海峡两岸的关系完全是中国内政，中方有权在台湾问题上采取一切必要举措，以捍卫本国主权和领土完整。俄方原则立场始终不变，即世界上只有一个中国，中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。

　　尼加拉瓜总统奥尔特加表示，世界上只有一个中国，佩洛西窜访台湾地区无异于对华侵略行径，这表明侵略基因已深深刻入美国佬骨髓之中。

　　朝鲜外务省发言人答记者问表示，美国无耻的内政干涉行为和蓄意的政治军事挑衅是破坏地区和平与安全的祸根。台湾是中国不可分割的一部分，台湾问题属于中国内政。我们谴责和反对外部势力在台湾问题上的干涉行为，并对中国政府坚决捍卫国家主权和领土完整的正义立场表示完全支持。美国阻碍中国实现发展壮大、完成统一事业的企图必遭坚决挫败。

　　阿富汗临时政府外交部发言人表示坚持一个中国政策，呼吁各国不要做出侵犯他国国家主权的挑衅行为。

　　伊朗外交部发言人发表声明称，佩洛西访台是美干涉政策的又一例证。美国有关举措只会进一步激化矛盾、破坏地区和平稳定，伊方对此表示强烈谴责。

　　叙利亚外交部发表声明表示，叙利亚以最强烈的言辞，强烈谴责美方对中方前所未有的升级行动和挑衅政策。中方有权采取一切措施捍卫主权、独立和领土完整，该权利不容谈判和讨价还价。

　　阿联酋外交与国际合作部发表声明，重申支持中国主权和领土完整，强调尊重一个中国原则的重要性，呼吁遵守联合国有关决议。阿方对破坏国际和平稳定的挑衅性访问表示关切。

　　厄立特里亚外交部声明称，在美国全球政策的缺陷和愚蠢愈发露骨之际，为强化遏制中国政策，美国炮制了佩洛西访台挑衅性行动，带来危险后果。这只是美政府近年来在亚洲推行鲁莽政策的延续，应该遭到强烈谴责。

　　南非国民议会事务主席接受采访时表示，美国此举是对中国内政的粗暴干涉，使得多年来维护台海和平稳定的努力毁于一旦，也将不可避免危及地区和世界和平稳定发展。

　　津巴布韦新闻、宣传和广播服务部部长兼政府发言人表示，津方同中国坚定站在一起，佩洛西访台是一种攻击性、挑衅性举动，严重违反一个中国原则。

　　白俄罗斯外交部发表声明称，佩洛西访台是美国不负责任的顽固之举，加剧台海局势紧张，白方对此深表忧虑。白方支持中方为实现国家统一所采取的一系列措施。

　　卢森堡外交大臣表示，佩洛西访台是一次毫无意义的挑衅。中美之间的互信可能因此消失，卢方支持一个中国政策。

　　墨西哥副参议长发表文章称，佩洛西非法访台是严重侵犯他国主权的干涉主义行为，破坏地区和平稳定。

　　古巴外交部发表声明，重申古坚持反对损害中国主权和领土完整行为，谴责干涉中国内政行径，对因美及其盟友进攻性政策及在台湾海峡军事存在，造成台湾周边紧张升级和形势恶化，以及美国系统性贩卖军火影响地区和国际和平表示担忧。

　　多米尼克外交部发表声明称，多方与国际社会一道对佩洛西窜访中国台湾地区表示严重关切，此访严重侵犯中国主权和领土完整。

　　委内瑞拉外交部官方推特表示，佩洛西窜访台湾地区系对中国独立自主和领土完整的直接挑衅和严重威胁。委方坚定支持一个中国原则，敦促美国尊重中国主权。

　　◆在柬埔寨首都金边举行的第55届东盟外长会及系列会议期间，东盟各国外长就台海局势发表联合声明，重申东盟所有成员国对一个中国政策的支持。东盟各国还分别通过外交部声明、发言人表态等方式公开发声，强调台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分，反对“台独”，反对任何制造“两个中国”“一中一台”的图谋。支持中国政府维护国家主权和领土完整，以和平方式实现国家统一。

　　菲律宾国家安全顾问接受采访时表示，菲方奉行一个中国政策，这意味着世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分，菲方将继续恪守一个中国政策。

　　新加坡外交部发表新外长维文同王毅国务委员会晤新闻稿。维文表示，新方一贯明确奉行一个中国政策，反对“台独”和任何改变现状的单边行动，并强调稳定的中美关系对和平安全至关重要。

　　缅甸外交部发表声明，称佩洛西窜访台湾地区导致台海紧张局势升级。缅方反对任何引发地区不稳定的挑衅行为，反对任何干涉别国内政的企图。缅方全力支持一个中国政策，重申台湾是中华人民共和国不可分割的一部分。

　　印度尼西亚外交部发言人表示，佩洛西访台可能引起中美对抗加剧，如果不加以管控，可能引发公开冲突并威胁台海和平稳定。印尼将继续坚持一个中国政策。

　　老挝外交部发言人发表声明，重申支持一个中国政策的一贯政策，认为台湾是中国不可分割的一部分，反对任何制造“两个中国”或“一中一台”的企图和行径，坚定支持中国政府和平实现国家统一。

　　柬埔寨政府发言人在接受中柬友谊台采访时候表示，佩洛西窜访中国台湾地区，违反一个中国原则，是制造事端的挑衅行为，可能引发其他危机，全世界因此感到担忧。柬埔寨政府高度赞赏中方采取的反制措施。

　　马来西亚总理对华事务特使发表声明，希望西方国家不要用双重标准看待台湾问题和乌克兰问题，一方面围堵俄罗斯，另一方面却在台海干涉中国内政；一方面呼吁尊重乌克兰主权和领土完整，另一方面却利用台湾来分裂中国。这是以“民主”为名干涉侵犯中国主权，违反国际法基本原则。

　　◆多国智库、媒体指出，佩洛西访台违反一个中国原则，损害台海地区和平稳定，是严重挑衅举动。佩洛西在台湾问题的挑衅行为使美国和世界陷入失序和不稳定，台海紧张形势原因是美国不断“蚕食”与中方达成的谅解。

　　新加坡学者马凯硕表示，佩洛西访台是鲁莽、危险和不负责任的，她在试图利用台湾。美前国务卿基辛格曾提醒美应停止同中国进行无休止对抗。佩身为美三号政治人物，完全不听基辛格的劝告，危害美国家和民众利益。她在我们的邻里间煽风点火，却拒绝为其一手造成的危险后果承担责任，应予以谴责。

　　法国国际关系研究所创始人莫伊西在《回声报》发表专栏文章称，佩洛西访台主要考虑其个人形象，服务其在美国国会中期选举的利益。美不负责任的行为给已充满不确定和脆弱的世界增加了不确定因素，增加了事态失控、复杂化以及战争风险。

　　德国国际法学者、前马普学会比较公法与国际法研究所研究员哈特维希在《法兰克福汇报》撰文表示，中国和台湾是两个独立国家的论调站不住脚。包括佩洛西访台在内的所有支持台湾脱离中国的企图都是对中国内政的干涉，并违反国际法。

　　罗马尼亚国际政治专家哈特曼接受电视采访时指出，佩洛西不顾中国政府和民众强烈反对执意访台，意在引发地缘政治危机。一个中国原则符合历史、符合法理，是国际社会的共识。罗马尼亚外交学院院长伯尔兰参加视频辩论时表示，一个中国原则是181个国家与中国建交的政治基础，是中美三个联合公报白纸黑字写明的内容。中国对此次事件的应对展现理性，充满智慧，完全支持中方立场。罗马尼亚政治评论家蒙特亚努发表文章，指责佩用亚太地区的和平稳定换取选票，美不应操弄台湾问题制衡中国，而应展开直接、真诚的对话。

　　事实8：台湾问题与乌克兰问题有着本质区别，台湾从来不是一个国家，而是中国的一部分，两者没有任何可比性。

　　◆台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分，台湾问题是中国内战遗留问题，完全是中国内政。乌克兰问题则是俄罗斯和乌克兰两个国家之间的争端。美国一些人故意拿台湾问题同乌克兰问题相类比，刻意扭曲台湾问题纯属中国内政的性质，企图否定中国政府维护国家主权和领土完整的正当性与合理性，以两岸人民福祉和地区和平稳定为代价服务美国的地缘战略和经济利益。这充分暴露其“以台制华”的政治算计和险恶用心。

　　◆乌克兰问题演变到今天，来龙去脉十分清楚。作为乌克兰危机的始作俑者和最大推手，美国主导北约在1999年后的20多年里连续五轮东扩。北约成员国从16个增加到30个，向东推进1000多公里，直抵俄罗斯边境，一步步将俄罗斯逼到墙角。美资深媒体人兼《纽约时报》专栏作家弗里德曼发表文章指出，美国关于“北约东扩”的重大决策失误导致与俄方关系恶化，美政府应该承担相当大的责任。

　　乌克兰危机爆发后，美国不仅不劝和促谈，反而企图打“代理人战争”坐收渔利，推动紧张局势不断升级，导致冲突扩大化、长期化、复杂化，充分暴露了美自私自利的本性。

　　◆美国一边要求尊重乌克兰主权和领土完整，一边在台湾问题上踩踏红线、损害中国主权和领土完整，是赤裸裸的双重标准。

　　◆民族复兴、国家统一是大势所趋、大义所在、民心所向。中国共产党始终把解决台湾问题、实现祖国完全统一作为矢志不渝的历史任务。中方愿意以最大诚意、尽最大努力争取和平统一的前景，因为以和平方式实现统一，对两岸同胞和全民族最有利。

　　中方不承诺放弃使用武力，保留采取一切必要措施的选项，针对的是外部势力干涉和极少数“台独”分裂分子及其分裂活动，绝非针对台湾同胞，非和平方式将是不得已情况下作出的最后选择。

事实9：中国针对佩洛西窜访台湾地区采取的制裁措施合理合法，是主权国家应有权利。

　　◆美国损害中国主权安全，激起中国人民强烈义愤和国际社会强烈反对。中方根据《反外国制裁法》规定采取有关制裁措施，在国际法上也有充分依据，天经地义，不容指摘。

　　◆大量事实和数据证明，美国是全世界滥用制裁最肆无忌惮的国家。长期以来，美国以所谓“民主”“人权”“国家安全”为借口，在全球范围内大搞单边制裁和“长臂管辖”，攫取地缘政治和经济利益，维护自身霸权地位，严重破坏以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，严重损害相关国家的发展权和人民的生存权。

　　美国制定《国际紧急经济权力法》《全球马格尼茨基人权问责法》《以制裁反击美国敌人法》等国内法并炮制一系列行政令，直接对特定国家、组织或个人进行制裁，以“最低联系原则”“效果原则”等模棱两可的理论任意扩大美国内法管辖范围，还滥用国内司法诉讼渠道对其他国家实体和个人搞“长臂管辖”。

　　据统计，美国上届政府累计实施逾3900项制裁措施，相当于平均每天挥舞3次“制裁大棒”。截至2021年10月，美国财政部外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）制裁名单中的受制裁对象数量，已从2000年的912个增长至9421个，净增长933%。美国塔夫茨大学教授、布鲁金斯学会高级研究员丹尼尔·德雷兹纳2021年9月在《外交》杂志发表文章称，“美利坚合众国”已成为“制裁合众国”。

　　◆美国频频利用其全球霸权地位，肆意对其视为敌人或对手的国家施加制裁。1962年以来，美国对古巴施加了现代历史上持续时间最长、程度最严厉的系统性贸易禁运、经济封锁和金融制裁。截至2021年，联合国大会已连续29年通过有关要求美国结束对古封锁的决议，但美政府毫不顾忌国际社会的正义声音，依然对古实施封锁。自上世纪70年代末，美国对伊朗实施长期封锁和制裁。2018年5月，美政府单方面退出伊朗核问题全面协议，随后重启并新增一系列对伊制裁。美国还对白俄罗斯、叙利亚、津巴布韦等国实施多年制裁，加大对朝鲜、委内瑞拉等国“极限施压”。

　　◆美国长期对俄罗斯发起经济金融制裁。据俄国家杜马统计，2014年至2022年5月初，俄遭受制裁数量已史无前例地高达10218项，使俄罗斯超过伊朗，成为世界上被制裁最多的国家。乌克兰危机爆发以来，美不断升级对俄单边制裁，并胁迫全世界选边站队。俄联邦安全会议副秘书波波夫表示，美国一面迫使欧洲制裁俄，一面自己继续进口俄石油，并允许美国企业进口俄矿物肥料。战争和制裁给欧洲带来的是难民潮、资金外流和能源短缺，却让美国乱中牟利，赚得盆满钵满。

　　◆美国对盟友制裁也毫不手软。1982年，美政府以产业间谍罪逮捕日立及三菱员工，借此打压日本高科技企业。2013年，美司法部扣押法国阿尔斯通公司4位高管，迫使阿尔斯通向美国通用电气公司低价出售电力和电网等核心业务。出于地缘政治和能源利益考量，美从2019年12月起对“北溪2号”天然气管道项目实施制裁。2020年8月，在美欧就波音和空客航空补贴争端中，美国宣布将维持此前对空客公司大型民用飞机征收15%关税的决定。同月，时任美总统特朗普宣布，为有效解决加拿大输美铝产品对美国家安全构成的损害威胁，美将对从加拿大进口的部分铝产品恢复加征10%的关税。12月，美政府因土耳其“大规模”购买俄罗斯S-400防空导弹系统，宣布对土制裁。

　　◆近年来，美国借口新疆、香港、人权等中国内政问题制裁中方机构和人员，基于谎言和虚假信息颁布实施所谓“维吾尔强迫劳动预防法”，全面禁止进口新疆产品，对9600多万中共党员及其家属实施所谓签证限制。

　　美国泛化国家安全概念，捏造各种借口，滥用出口管制措施，动用国家力量，无理打压中国机构和企业，严重破坏公平竞争、市场经济原则和国际经贸规则，将1000多家中国企业和机构列入各种制裁清单；划定生物技术、人工智能等重点管控技术，强化出口管制，严格投资审查；打压包括TikTok、微信在内的社交媒体应用程序。

　　特朗普政府推出的“清洁网络”计划以维护美国家安全和公民隐私为借口，明确要求从电信运营商、手机应用商店、手机应用程序、云服务、海底光缆5个方面把华为、百度、阿里巴巴等中国企业完全清除出去。

　　◆中国一贯反对任何非法单边制裁，认为制裁从来不是解决问题的根本有效途径，动辄挥舞制裁大棒，只会给相关国家的经济和民生造成严重困难。

　　事实10：佩洛西窜台事件严重损害中美关系的政治基础，为双方交流与合作制造障碍，美方必须承担全部责任。

　　◆台湾问题是中国核心利益中的核心。美国一边严重损害中国核心利益，一边又在自身有需要的领域寻求中方合作，妄想中方接受既成事实，吞下核心利益严重受损的苦果，这是典型的霸权心态和强盗逻辑。

　　◆合作最重要的是相互尊重、互利互惠，需要合适的气氛和条件。佩洛西窜台前，中方曾向美方提出八大领域合作倡议，打出了丰富的对话与合作清单，充分展现了中方的合作意愿。但美方只想推进自身关心领域的合作，对中方的合作倡议缺乏诚意，并且不断出台涉华消极举措，给双方各领域交流合作造成了严重干扰。

　　◆美国现政府多次向中方作出“四不一无意”承诺（不寻求与中国打新冷战、不寻求改变中国体制、不寻求通过强化同盟关系反对中国、不支持“台独”及无意与中国发生冲突），但说一套、做一套，不断在涉及中国核心利益和重大关切问题上干涉中国内政，损害中国利益。

　　美国抱持冷战思维，沿袭霸权逻辑，推行集团政治，炮制“民主对抗威权”叙事，拉拢他国拼凑“小圈子”，强化“五眼联盟”、兜售“四边机制”、拼凑美英澳三边安全伙伴关系、收紧双边军事同盟，千方百计拼凑“亚太版北约”，推进对华“一体化威慑”。

　　美国颁布“2022年芯片和科学法”，禁止该法涉芯片资金用于对华投资、禁止中国企业参与“美国制造网络”，要求加强对华科研安全防范、评估中国对美科技威胁。特朗普政府严重违反世贸规则，对华发动大规模贸易战。依据所谓“301调查”，先后三轮对中国输美约3600亿美元商品加征高额关税。这一错误迄今仍未得到纠正。

　　◆中国在坚决反对美国种种破坏合作恶劣行径的同时，始终从中美两国人民和世界人民福祉出发，从国际社会和各国人民的期待出发，推动中美关系健康稳定发展。破坏中美关系和双方交往合作的是美方而不是中方，美方应对自己的所作所为认真反思。

　　事实11：中美暂停气候变化商谈，责任在美方。在气候变化等全球环境治理问题上，中方将继续致力于国际合作，言必信、行必果。

　　◆中国以最大努力提高应对气候变化力度。2020年，中国宣布国家自主贡献新目标举措：中国二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。中国承诺实现从碳达峰到碳中和的时间，远远短于发达国家所用时间。

　　中方坚定不移推动碳达峰碳中和目标实施。2020年习近平主席宣示中国碳达峰碳中和目标以来，中方多次宣布应对气候变化国内重大政策措施，持续推动构建碳达峰碳中和“1+N”政策体系。2021年10月，《中共中央国务院关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》及《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》先后发布，共同构成贯穿中国碳达峰、碳中和两个阶段的顶层设计。能源、节能减排、循环经济、绿色消费、工业、城乡建设、交通等分领域实施方案陆续出台，碳达峰碳中和“1+N”政策体系已基本建立。

　　◆中国秉持生态文明理念，大力推动绿色转型取得成效。习近平主席有关“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念已成为全社会的共识。2020年，中国碳排放强度比2015年下降18.8%，超额完成“十三五”约束性目标，比2005年下降48.4%，超额完成了中国向国际社会承诺的到2020年下降40%至45%的目标，累计少排放二氧化碳约58亿吨，基本扭转了二氧化碳排放快速增长的局面。本世纪以来，中国新增的植树造林面积占到全球的四分之一。中国污染防治攻坚战阶段性目标任务高质量完成，重污染天数明显减少。芝加哥大学能源政策研究所在2022年6月发布的报告中指出，2013至2020年7年间，中国空气中有害悬浮颗粒物浓度排放减少了40%，几乎与美国在1970年后30年间的减排水平相当。

　　中国在节能、提高能效、发展可再生能源、交通、建筑等领域所做的贡献基本上都占全球总量的30%－50%。2021年中国非化石能源消费比重达16.6%，非化石能源消费量居世界第一位。中国可再生能源利用规模和发电总装机容量均创新高，水电、风电、光伏、生物质发电装机规模稳居世界第一。中国承诺到2030年风电和太阳能发电总装机容量达到12亿千瓦，仅这一项就将超过全美电力装机总量。中国新能源汽车产销量连续7年位居全球第一。中国煤电装机占比在2020年历史性地降至50%以下，煤电产业排放总量十年下降近90%，火电机组供电煤耗显著下降，十年间累计节约原煤超过7亿吨。

　　◆中国积极推动共建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候环境治理体系。作为全球气候治理的重要参与方，中方始终积极参与气候变化主渠道谈判，为达成《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》《巴黎协定》等做出历史性贡献。中方于2021年10月承办《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会第一阶段会议，为全球生物多样性治理注入新动力。

　　◆中国大力支持发展中国家能源绿色低碳发展。中方秉持“授人以渔”理念，尽己所能帮助发展中国家，特别是小岛屿国家、非洲国家和最不发达国家减少气候变化带来的不利影响，提高应对气候变化能力。近10余年来，中方累计投入约12亿元用于开展应对气候变化南南合作，与35个国家签署40份合作文件。截至2021年的近8年时间，中方共实施应对气候变化援外项目200多个，向近40个国家赠送节能和新能源产品与设备，为120个发展中国家培训了约2000名应对气候变化领域的官员和技术人员。2022年4月，中方启动中国－太平洋岛国应对气候变化中心，为小岛国气候行动增添新动力。

　　◆美国在气候变化问题上劣迹斑斑。美是全球累积温室气体排放最多的国家，人均碳排放居高不下，是中国的两倍多。美拒不批准《京都议定书》，一度肆意退出《巴黎协定》，迟迟不兑现在绿色气候基金下的资金承诺，还以所谓涉疆问题为借口制裁打压中国光伏企业，阻碍全球新能源发展。美迄未加入《生物多样性公约》，长期置身于全球生物多样性保护体系之外。

　　◆自2009年哥本哈根世界气候变化大会至今，美国始终未能认真兑现向发展中国家提供气候融资的承诺。世界资源研究所2021年10月发布报告称，按经济体量或历史排放量等不同指标计算，2018年美在1000亿美元气候融资中应完成的“公平份额”为40%至47%，但美完成的份额不足20%，融资缺口高达210亿至400亿美元。美国的失信和“缺位”严重损害全球气候治理进程。

　　◆2022年6月，美国最高法院通过裁决，称美国家环境保护局无权在州层面限制温室气体排放量，也不得要求发电厂放弃化石燃料转用可再生能源。这一决定将进一步弱化拜登政府应对全球气候变化的能力。联合国秘书长发言人杜加里克在午间例行记者会公开表示，美国最高法院裁决是全球应对气候变化的挫折，使得《巴黎协定》的目标更难实现。

　　◆中方将一如既往积极参与应对气候变化国际和多边合作，继续坚定不移推进碳达峰碳中和目标，积极参与气候变化主要渠道谈判，向发展中国家提供力所能及的支持和帮助，为应对气候变化这一全球性挑战作出自身贡献。

　　◆中美在气候变化领域开展合作离不开中美关系的大环境。受佩洛西窜台严重影响，中方不得不暂停中美气候变化商谈，由此造成的一切后果必须由美国承担。美国不要为自己在气候变化领域的不作为寻找新的借口。

Some Facts About Pelosi's Visit to Taiwan

BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhua) -- Some Facts About Pelosi's Visit to Taiwan
Introduction
Speaker of the US House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi made a provocative visit to China's Taiwan region recently in disregard of the Chinese side's stern warnings. The visit seriously infringes on China's sovereignty and security, seriously undermines China's territorial integrity, seriously jeopardizes peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, and seriously erodes the political foundation of China-US relations. The Chinese side has been compelled to take countermeasures. The US side has been pushing disinformation to confuse right and wrong and confound black and white, criticizing China's legitimate countermeasures and trying to mislead the world about the Taiwan question. It is necessary to set the record straight with facts and lay bare the US's hegemonic nature and gangster logic.
Fact No. 1: The one-China principle is the political foundation of China-US relations. The meaning of this principle is clear and accurate. There is but one China in the world, Taiwan is part of China, and the Government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the sole legal government representing the whole of China. This is the original meaning of one China, and a universal consensus of the international community. The United States, while claiming to uphold the one-China policy, is in effect using the “salami tactic” to distort, falsify, obscure and hollow out the one-China principle.
Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times. This claim has a sound basis in history and jurisprudence.
A large number of historical records and annals document the development of Taiwan by the Chinese people in earlier periods. The earliest references are to be found in 230 A.D. during the Three Kingdoms Period. Starting from the Song and Yuan dynasties, central governments of China had set up administrative bodies to exercise jurisdiction over Penghu and Taiwan. After mid-16th century during the Ming dynasty, official documents began to use the name Taiwan formally. In 1624, Dutch colonialists invaded and occupied the southern part of Taiwan. In 1662, national hero Zheng Chenggong led an expedition to expel the Dutch occupiers and recover Taiwan. Subsequently, the government of the Qing dynasty increased its administrative bodies in Taiwan gradually. In 1684, a Taiwan prefecture administration was set up under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province. In 1885, Taiwan was turned into a full province.
In July 1894, Japan launched a war of aggression against China known as the First Sino-Japanese War. In April 1895, the defeated Qing government was forced to cede Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan. During the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Communist Party of China (CPC) made clear propositions for the recovery of Taiwan. During a conversation with US journalist Nym Wales on 15 May 1937, Comrade Mao Zedong said that China's goal was to achieve a final victory in the war — a victory that would not only recover the occupied Chinese territories in Northeast China and to the south of the Shanhai Pass, but also secure the liberation of Taiwan.
On 1 December 1943, China, the United States and the United Kingdom issued the Cairo Declaration, stating that it was the purpose of the three allies that all the territories Japan had stolen from China, such as Northeast China, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, should be restored to China. On 26 July 1945, China, the United States and the United Kingdom signed the Potsdam Proclamation, subsequently joined by the Soviet Union. It reiterated that “The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out.” In September 1945, Japan signed the instrument of surrender, in which it promised that it would faithfully fulfill the obligations laid down in the Potsdam Proclamation. On 25 October, the Chinese government announced that it was resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan, and the ceremony to accept Japan's surrender in Taiwan Province of the China war theater of the Allied powers was held in Taipei. From that point forward, China had recovered Taiwan de jure and de facto through a host of documents with international legal effect.
On 1 October 1949, the Central People's Government of the PRC was founded, replacing the government of the Republic of China to become the only legitimate government representing the whole of China. The new government replaced the previous one in a situation where China, as a subject under international law, did not change and China's sovereignty and inherent territory did not change. As a result, the government of the PRC should naturally enjoy and exercise China's full sovereignty, which includes its sovereignty over Taiwan. As a result of the civil war in China and the interference of external forces, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait have fallen into a state of protracted political confrontation. But the sovereignty and territory of China have never been divided and will never be allowed to be divided, and Taiwan's status as part of China's territory has never changed and will never be allowed to change.
Resolution 2758 of the United Nations General Assembly established the one-China principle that was widely observed by the international community.
At its 26th session in October 1971, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758, which undertook “to restore all its rights to the People's Republic of China and to recognize the representatives of its Government as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations, and to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupy at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it”. This resolution settled once and for all the political, legal and procedural issues of the representation of the whole of China, Taiwan included, in the United Nations. It also made it clear that there is but one seat of China in the United Nations, and there is no such thing as “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan”. The specialized agencies of the United Nations later adopted further resolutions to restore to the PRC its lawful seat and expel the representatives of the Taiwan authorities.
It was clearly stated in the official legal opinions of the UN Secretariat that “the United Nations considers ‘Taiwan' as a province of China with no separate status”, and the “‘authorities' in ‘Taipei' are not considered to... enjoy any form of government status”. In practice, Taiwan is referred to at the United Nations as “Taiwan, Province of China”.
Upholding the one-China principle is a political commitment made by the United States. It is also the prerequisite and basis for the establishment of China-US diplomatic relations.
In the Shanghai Communiqué in 1972, the United States expresses clearly that “The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position.”
In the Joint Communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1978, the United States expresses clearly that “The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China. The United States of America recognizes the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China. Within this context, the people of the United States will maintain cultural, commercial, and other unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan.”
In the Joint Communiqué on 17 August 1982, the United States expresses clearly that “In the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations on January 1, 1979 issued by the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People's Republic of China, the United States of America recognized the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China, and it acknowledged the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China. The United States Government has no intention of infringing on Chinese sovereignty and territorial integrity, or interfering in China's internal affairs, or pursuing a policy of ‘two Chinas' or ‘one China, one Taiwan'.”
The United States keeps challenging the one-China principle through disinformation and misinformation activities.
According to international law, the United States should honor its commitments with goodwill and good faith. It cannot refuse to perform its commitments or obligations under international law by citing its domestic legal provisions, or unilaterally distort China-US joint communiqués based on its after-the-fact, secret assurances. However, after the George W. Bush administration took office in 2001, the United States put its own Taiwan Relations Act before the three joint communiqués. The Trump administration, in the latter half of its term, blatantly inserted the Six Assurances to Taiwan, something it had long kept secret, in its formulation of the one-China policy. The US side deleted key statements such as “Taiwan is part of China” from its State Department website. After Pelosi's visit to Taiwan, the United States, together with its allies, issued a so-called statement that attempts to designate situations where the one-China policy is “applicable” and leaves room for arbitrary interpretation.
In recent years, the United States has neglected the Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation and other international legal documents, falsely claimed that Resolution 2758 did not conclusively resolve the issue of Taiwan's representation, and played up the illegal and invalid Treaty of San Francisco. It has professed that the status of Taiwan has yet to be determined, and declared its support for “Taiwan's meaningful participation in the UN system”. The attempt of the United States is to change Taiwan's status as part of China, create “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan”, and achieve its political purpose of using Taiwan to contain China.
What the United States has done goes against its own political commitments, seriously violates the doctrine of estoppel under international law, and runs counter to basic principles of international law established by the UN Charter such as sovereignty and territorial integrity and non-interference. These acts are clearly illegal in nature.
Fact No. 2: The US Congress is part of the US government. Congress members' visits to Taiwan run counter to the US political commitment of maintaining only unofficial relations with Taiwan, and violate the one-China principle and the three China-US joint communiqués. The US government is responsible for making sure its political commitments to China are honored and executed by all parts of government.
The United States, as one country, must have one foreign policy only. As part of the US government, the Congress has the responsibility to deliver on the US government's commitments to other countries. It must strictly observe the one-China policy and refrain from any official exchanges with China's Taiwan region. Under neither international law nor US domestic legislation does “separation of powers” give the US the excuse to defy international obligations and take actions that go against the basic norms governing international relations, provoke against China's sovereignty, and break its own commitment on the Taiwan question.
Pelosi's visit is a blatant violation of the US commitment of “not developing official relations with Taiwan”. As the House Speaker, Pelosi is the number three figure in the US government and second in line, after the Vice President, to succeed the US President. She traveled on a government jet provided by the US military, and was received with high-profile protocol by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) authorities of Taiwan. During her stay in Taiwan, Pelosi talked about representing the US on all occasions, and claimed that “America stands with Taiwan”. A press statement called it the first official visit by a US House Speaker to Taiwan in 25 years. And the DPP authorities have been touting Pelosi's visit as a major breakthrough in Taiwan-US relations.
Past mistakes shall not serve as an excuse for more wrongdoings, still less can they justify today's mistakes. Former US House Speaker Newt Gingrich's visit to the Taiwan region in 1997 was itself a mistake, and the Chinese side has all along firmly opposed it. The US should not use Gingrich's mistake to gloss over Pelosi's unlawful visit to Taiwan, still less should it create new excuses for further elevating official contact with Taiwan in the future.
Fact No. 3: Pelosi's visit to Taiwan has nothing to do with democracy. Rather, it is a political stunt and serious provocation that infringes upon China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, goes against the will of the over 1.4 billion Chinese people, and challenges the international consensus on one-China.
Under the disguise of “democracy”, Pelosi intentionally distorts the nature of the Taiwan question, which is purely China's internal affair, and attempts to negate the justification and legitimacy of the Chinese government's efforts to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity. It is a blatant practice of political manipulation with the aim of infringing upon China's sovereignty, undermining China's stability and containing China's development.
By creating the so-called “democracy vs. authoritarianism” narrative on the international stage, the US is clinging to the wrong mindsets of Cold War mentality and zero-sum thinking. It is using ideology and values as a tool to advance its geopolitical strategy, and employing every possible means to preserve US hegemony and western centrism.
American democracy has deviated from the essence of democracy. The American-style democracy is a game of money played by the rich. Ninety-one percent of US Congressional elections are won by better-financed candidates. “One person one vote” in name, “rule of the minority elite” in fact. Ordinary voters are wooed when their votes are wanted but pushed aside once the election is over. The checks and balances have resulted in a “vetocracy”, putting partisan interests before the need of national development. The US electoral system is visibly flawed. The practice of gerrymandering, which draws the boundaries of electoral districts by manipulation, undermines fairness and justice. American democracy is fraught with deep-seated problems. Problems like money politics, identity politics, partisan wrangling, political polarization, social division, racial tension and wealth gap have become more acute. The Capitol riot shocked the world. The death of George Floyd triggered waves of protests. The mishandling of COVID-19 resulted in a human tragedy. The problem of “the rich get richer, and the poor poorer” is worsening. The dysfunction and failure of American-style democracy have become an unmistakable fact.
As multiple opinion polls conducted by the Pew Research Center and other pollsters show, the people of the world, including the American people, hold a negative view about the state of democracy in the US. US Republican Congresswoman Marjorie Greene has tweeted, Pelosi is “not staying in America and solving problems afflicting our people” and she is “obsessed with her own power she's held for decades while our entire country crumbles ... enough with this fake ‘courage' defending democracy.”
Over the years, the US has, under the pretext of democracy, willfully meddled in the internal affairs of developing countries and waged military intervention and aggression. It is the biggest threat to regional and international security. Since 2001, the wars and military operations launched by the US in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and Syria in the name of democracy have resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths and millions of injuries, left tens of millions displaced, and caused humanitarian disasters in several countries. Under the pretext of so-called “democratic values”, the US has wantonly intervened in other countries' internal affairs and even instigated regime change and propped up pro-US governments. The US has implemented the new Monroe Doctrine in Latin America, incited color revolutions in the Eurasian region, and orchestrated the Arab Spring in West Asia and North Africa, bringing disorder and calamity to the countries concerned and seriously undermining world peace, stability and development. To this day, the US still tries to divide the world into “democracies” and “non-democracies” by its standards and blatantly stokes division and confrontation. Such acts will only bring even greater turmoil and disaster to the international community.
Fact No. 4: It is the US and the “Taiwan independence” separatist forces that are changing the status quo across the Taiwan Strait and stoking crisis.
The real status quo of the Taiwan Strait is this: there is only one China in the world; Taiwan is a part of China; and the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China. The two sides across the Taiwan Strait belong to the one and same China. The sovereignty and territory of China have never been divided.
The DPP authorities are inflicting change on the status quo of the Taiwan Strait: they stick to their separatist agenda for “Taiwan independence” and continue to make provocations. They incorporate “pursuing independence” into their party platform. They refuse to recognize the one-China principle, assert that Taiwan and the mainland should not be subordinate to each other, and proclaim a new “two states” theory. In Taiwan, they constantly press for “de-sinicization” and promote “incremental independence”. They incite radical separatists in and outside the DPP to lobby for amendments to their “constitution” and “laws”. They deceive the people of Taiwan, incite hostility against the mainland, and hinder the exchanges, cooperation and interconnected development across the Strait. They have steadily built up military forces in pursuit of “independence” and to obstruct reunification. They co-opt external forces to sow the seeds of “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan”, going further down the path of seeking “Taiwan independence”.
The US is changing the status quo of the Taiwan Strait by playing the “Taiwan card” to contain China, and supporting and conniving at “Taiwan independence” separatist forces.
The United States, betraying its pledge to maintain only unofficial relations with Taiwan, keeps raising the level of engagement with Taiwan, as evidenced by the successive visits or interactions by its Health and Human Services Secretary, Under Secretary of State and other senior officials, as well as the members of the US Congress and its diplomatic envoys. In January 2021, then US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced the lift of restrictions on its officials’ contacts with Taiwan. In April 2021, the US Department of State issued new guidelines to encourage engagement between the US officials with their so-called “Taiwan counterparts”. The visit by Pelosi, ranked the third in the US government, to the Taiwan region has substantially upgraded US official interactions with Taiwan.
In violation of its promise to gradually reduce its sale of arms to Taiwan, leading, over a period of time, to a final resolution, the US continues to increase its arms sales to Taiwan, emboldening the “Taiwan independence” separatist activities. Despite “severing” its diplomatic relations with Taiwan authorities in 1979, the US has upgraded non-stop the scale and performance of weaponry sold to Taiwan. Over the past 43 years, it has sold more than 70 billion US dollars worth of arms to Taiwan. The Trump administration alone conducted arms sales to Taiwan 11 times in four years, nearing 20 billion US dollars. The incumbent administration has approved arms sales to Taiwan five times, covering advanced equipment such as the Patriot missile defense system, self-propelled artillery, and ammunition supply vehicle.
The US has continued to challenge the consensus of the international community by claiming that the status of Taiwan is yet to be determined. It keeps helping Taiwan expand its so-called international space. The US clamored for Taiwan’s participation as an observer to the 75th World Health Assembly. It alleged that each country should be able to determine the contours of its own “one China” policy and encourages countries with “diplomatic relations” with Taiwan to maintain or even strengthen such relations. It must be pointed out that China’s Taiwan region’s participation in the activities of international organizations can only be handled in accordance with the one-China principle. This is an important principle enshrined in the UNGA Resolution 2758 and an international consensus that should not be manipulated.
The US has been criticized by many at home for its position on the Taiwan question. At the World Economic Forum in Davos in May 2022, former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger underscored the imperative to keep to the one-China principle, and warned the United States against developing “something of a two-China solution” by subterfuge or a gradual process. Thomas Friedman, a seasoned American journalist and New York Times columnist, noted in an article on 1 August 2022 that if Pelosi goes ahead with a Taiwan visit, she will be doing something “utterly reckless, dangerous and irresponsible”, of which nothing good will come, and “Taiwan will not be more secure or more prosperous as a result of this purely symbolic visit.”
The one-China principle clearly defines the status quo of the Taiwan Strait. Any attempt to breach or challenge this principle is to change the status quo. The Chinese people have the firm resolve, strong will and enormous capability to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity. China will work with the international community to resolutely uphold the one-China principle, and break the illusion of the DPP authorities to seek US support for their independence agenda. Any attempt to use Taiwan to contain China will be thwarted.
Fact No. 5: It is the US that initiated and planned Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan. All the ins and outs are crystal clear. Who is right and who is wrong is self-evident. The US and Taiwan have colluded and provoked first, and China is only taking legitimate countermeasures for self-defense. China’s countermeasures are firm, effective, proportionate and in line with China’s domestic law, international law and customary international practice.
Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is a serious violation of the one-China principle and the provisions of the three China-US joint communiqués. It endangers China’s core interests, and creates tensions, stokes confrontation and instigates division in the region. Facing the provocative behavior of the US, China has made serious representations multiple times. Despite China’s repeated warnings, the US chose to go ahead with the visit. It is perfectly justified for China to take resolute countermeasures.
China has made utmost diplomatic efforts to avoid this crisis that is initiated by the US and imposed on China. Over the past four months, the Chinese side has made clear to the US side, once and again, through multiple channels and at various levels, its solemn position that China resolutely opposes the US House Speaker’s visit to Taiwan. China pointed out that this provocative US move would trigger a crisis and that China would not sit idly by. We urged the US side to avoid any illusions and misjudgments, and warned that all the consequences arising from the visit shall be entirely borne by the US side.
All the countermeasures taken by the Chinese government in response to Pelosi’s visit are what China is fully entitled to do to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity. They are necessary and timely defensive countermeasures aimed at safeguarding China’s sovereignty and security, and stopping the US and the “Taiwan independence” forces from going further down the wrong and dangerous path. The relevant measures are a warning to the provocateurs and an effort to safeguard peace across the Taiwan Strait and stability in the region.
China’s resolute countermeasures against Pelosi’s visit are not only a necessary move to safeguard its own sovereignty and territorial integrity, but also a legitimate action to safeguard the basic norms of international relations and the international order established after the Second World War. The one-China principle has been recognized by the United Nations and the vast majority of countries. It has become a widely recognized basic norm governing international relations and is part and parcel of the post-war international order. By firmly upholding the one-China principle and resolutely opposing the practice of obscuring and hollowing out the one-China principle, China is unequivocally upholding the basic principles of international law, including non-interference in internal affairs and respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries.
If China took no countermeasure against the US actions that interfere in the internal affairs and undermine the sovereignty of another country, and failed to resolutely resist the reckless and irresponsible US moves, the purposes of the UN Charter and basic norms governing international relations including respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity would be reduced to empty words. Any member of the developing world that accounts for 80 percent of the world’s population may become the next target at any time. By firmly rejecting the US provocations on the Taiwan question, China is saying no to the US hegemony and bullying, and upholding international fairness and justice.
According to international law, all countries are obligated to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries and not to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs. Every country is entitled to take necessary measures to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity and stop external interference.
Fact No. 6: It is legitimate and lawful for the Chinese military to conduct military exercises and training in the waters near China’s Taiwan Island. The US move to use Taiwan to contain China is the root cause of troubles that undermine peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait and even the world.
Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory. The military exercises and training by the Chinese side in the waters near China’s Taiwan Island were conducted in an open, transparent and professional manner. The Chinese side has issued safety reminders and navigational warnings in advance. China’s activities fully comply with its domestic law, international law and customary international practice.
The normal military exercises and training by the Chinese military in the waters near China’s Taiwan Island are aimed at safeguarding China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, deterring the US attempt to use Taiwan to contain China, shattering the Taiwan authorities’ fantasy of seeking US support for “Taiwan independence”, and maintaining peace across the Taiwan Strait and stability in the region.
It is the US that has exacerbated tensions in the Taiwan Strait. The US has been flexing its muscles and provoking troubles at will in waters near China. The US National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 proposed to “continue regular transits of US Navy vessels through the Taiwan Strait”, and “encourage allies and partners to follow suit in conducting such transits”.
The US has so far sold weapons and equipment worth tens of billions of dollars to Taiwan and clamored to help Taiwan enhance its “asymmetrical warfare” capability. A senior US Department of Defense official claimed that the US could use Taiwan as a strategic fulcrum of the first island chain and threatened to block China’s reunification process. In the “Indo-Pacific Strategy” released in February 2022, the US claimed that it will support Taiwan’s self-defense capabilities, thus introducing the Taiwan question into its regional strategy. This is an attempt to play geopolitical games, exaggerate tension and provoke confrontation, which fully exposes its sinister intention to undermine peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific.
It is also the US that threatens world peace and stability. The US has launched military operations around the world, wreaking havoc on innocent civilians. Throughout the 240-plus years of US history, there were only 16 years in which the US was not at war. According to incomplete statistics, from the end of the Second World War to 2001, 248 armed conflicts occurred in 153 regions, of which 201 were initiated by the US. Since 2001, wars and military operations waged by the US have killed more than 900,000 people, about 335,000 of them civilians, injured millions and displaced tens of millions. US magazine The National Interest quoted Dakota Wood, a senior research fellow for defense programs at the Heritage Foundation, who wrote that the US consistently needed to deploy military force every 15 years or so. The US is proved to be “the most warlike nation in the history of the world”. 
Fact No. 7: Those who abide by the one-China principle are the overwhelming majority of countries in the world. Over 170 countries including ASEAN countries have expressed their commitment to the one-China principle. On this matter, it is the US and very few other countries that are isolated.
According to preliminary statistics, in response to Pelosi’s visit, over 170 countries and international organizations have expressed their strong support for the one-China principle. Governments, political parties and senior officials of over 100 countries and multiple international organizations have publicly stated their support for China in safeguarding sovereignty and territorial integrity. Countries that all together hold more than 80 percent of the world’s population are standing with China, on the right side of history and on the side of fairness and justice. Together, we advocate respecting the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, abiding by the basic norms governing international relations, and resolutely opposing any country’s interference in other countries’ internal affairs and infringement on other countries’ sovereignty and territorial integrity. This is the mainstream voice of the international community. The US cannot change the reality that an unjust move finds little support.
Both the President of the UN General Assembly and the UN Secretary-General have clearly stated that the UN will continue to abide by UNGA Resolution 2758, the core of which is the one-China principle.
President of Russia Vladimir Putin said at the 10th Moscow Conference on International Security that the US escapade towards Taiwan is not just a voyage by an irresponsible politician, but part of the purpose-oriented and deliberate US strategy designed to destabilize the situation and sow chaos in the region and the world. It is a brazen demonstration of disrespect for other countries and their own international commitments. Russia regards this as a thoroughly planned provocation. The Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement describing Pelosi’s visit as a clear provocation in keeping with the US’s aggressive policy of comprehensive containment of China. It stated that relations between both sides of the Taiwan Strait are exclusively China’s domestic affair. The Chinese side is entitled to take any measures necessary to protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity in terms of the Taiwan question. Russia’s principled position remains unchanged: we operate on the premise that there is only one China, the PRC government is the only legitimate government representing all of China, and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China.
President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega said that there is only one China in the world, and Pelosi’s visit is tantamount to an invasion of China, which shows that the practice of invasion is in the blood of the Yankee Empire.
Responding to a question from the media, Spokesperson for the DPRK Foreign Ministry said that the impudent interference of the US in internal affairs of other countries and its intentional political and military provocations are, indeed, the root cause of harassed peace and security in the region. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China and the Taiwan question pertains to the internal affairs of China. The DPRK vehemently denounces any external force’s interference in the Taiwan question, and fully supports the Chinese government’s just stand to resolutely defend the sovereignty of the country and territorial integrity. The US scheme to disturb the growth and development of China and its efforts for accomplishing the cause of reunification is bound to go bankrupt.
Spokesperson of the Afghan Interim Government’s Foreign Ministry stressed adherence to the one-China policy and urged all countries to refrain from decisions that are considered a violation of national sovereignty of states and would lay the groundwork for provocative actions.
Iranian Foreign Ministry Spokesperson said in a statement that Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is an example of the US’s meddlesome behavior in different regions and countries of the world. He noted that this behavior will only intensify instability and stokes differences, and, as such, it is deplorable.
The Syrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates said in a statement that Syria condemns in the strongest terms the unprecedented escalation and policy of provocation practiced by the US against China. China has the non-negotiable or non-bargaining right to take the measures and steps it decides to defend its right to protect and preserve its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
The UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation issued a statement, reaffirming its support for China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity as well as the importance of respecting the one-China principle, while calling for adherence to relevant UN resolutions. The UAE indicated its concern over the impact of any provocative visits on stability and international peace.
Eritrea’s Foreign Ministry said in a statement that at a time when the flaws and follies of its global policy have become more apparent, and in an attempt to ramp up its policy of containment of China, Washington has concocted the provocative visit of Pelosi to Taiwan with all its perilous ramifications. The latest act is but a continuation of reckless policies that the US administration has pursued in the past years in Asia to advance this singular objective, which is deplorable.
South Africa’s National Assembly House Chairperson said in an interview that the US move is a gross interference in China’s internal affairs, ruining years of efforts in maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait. It will inevitably endanger regional and world peace, stability and development.
Zimbabwean Minister of Information, Publicity and Broadcast Services and government spokesperson said that Zimbabwe stands fully behind the People’s Republic of China in the face of the intrusive and provocative visit by Pelosi, which seriously violates the one-China principle.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus said in a statement that it is with deep concern that it has followed an increase in tension provoked by the irresponsible persistence with which the US has been organizing Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan. Belarus supports the consistent measures taken by China to reunify the country.
Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of Luxembourg said that Pelosi’s visit is a useless provocation and that with this trip, there will be no more trust between the US and China. He also reiterated Luxembourg’s support for the one-China policy.
The Vice President of the Senate of Mexico published an article, stating that the illegal visit of Pelosi to Taiwan is an interventionist action that seriously violates other country’s sovereignty and undermines regional peace and stability.
Cuba’s Foreign Ministry issued a statement reiterating its firm rejection to the actions aimed at harming China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, condemning interference in China’s internal affairs, and emphasizing its concern over the increasing tensions and further deterioration of the situation concerning Taiwan as a direct result of the aggressive policy and high military presence of the US and its allies in the Taiwan Strait, and military contacts and regular sale of weapons that undermine international and regional peace.
The Foreign Ministry of the Commonwealth of Dominica said in a statement that many sides and the international community have expressed serious concerns over Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan and this visit constitutes a serious violation of China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
The Venezuelan Foreign Ministry said on its Twitter account that Pelosi’s visit is a direct provocation and serious threat to China’s independence and territorial integrity, and Venezuela firmly supports the one-China principle and urges the US to respect China’s sovereignty.
During the 55th ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting and related meetings held in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, ASEAN foreign ministers issued a Statement on the Cross Strait Development, reiterating ASEAN Member States’ support for their respective one-China policy. ASEAN countries have also, through statements of foreign ministries and spokespersons, publicly stressed that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory, and opposed “Taiwan independence” and all attempts to create “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan”. They support the Chinese government in upholding sovereignty and territorial integrity and achieving national reunification through peaceful means.
The National Security Advisor of the Philippines said in an interview that the Philippines abides by the one-China policy, which means that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. The Philippines will continue to honor the one-China policy.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore issued a press release on the meeting between Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan and State Councilor Wang Yi, in which Balakrishnan states that Singapore has a clear and consistent one-China policy and is opposed to “Taiwan independence” and any unilateral moves to change the status quo, and stresses the need for stable China-US relations, which are vital for peace and security.
Myanmar’s Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is causing escalation of tensions in the Taiwan Strait. Myanmar opposes any provocative actions causing instabilities in the region and attempts that aim to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries. Myanmar fully supports the one-China policy and reaffirms that Taiwan is an integral part of the People’s Republic of China.
Spokesperson of the Indonesian Foreign Ministry said that Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan may escalate confrontation between China and the US. If not managed well, it may lead to open conflict and disrupt peace and stability, including in the Taiwan Strait. Indonesia continues to respect the one-China policy.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos released a statement reaffirming its consistent policy of supporting the one-China policy and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, opposing any intention aiming at creating a situation for “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan”, and reiterating its firm support for the policy of China on national reunification by peaceful means.
Cambodian government spokesperson said in an interview with China-Cambodia Friendship Radio FM 105 that Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan violates the one-China principle and is a provocative move that stirs trouble and could trigger other crises. The whole world is therefore concerned. The Cambodian government highly commends countermeasures taken by China.
The Malaysian Prime Minister’s Special Envoy to China released a statement urging Western nations not to practice double standards by trying to compare Taiwan with Ukraine, not to try to encircle Russia and call for respect for Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity on one hand while meddle in China’s internal affairs and intend to use Taiwan to divide China on the other. This would be using democracy as a pretext to interfere in and infringe upon China’s sovereignty, which violates basic principles of international law.
Think tanks and media of many countries point out that Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan violates the one-China principle, undermines peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, and is a seriously provocative move. Pelosi’s provocative move on the Taiwan question leads the US and the world to disorder and instability. Cross-Strait tensions are caused by US encroaching upon the common understanding reached with China.
Singaporean scholar Kishore Mahbubani said that Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is reckless, dangerous and irresponsible, and that she is trying to use Taiwan. Former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger warned the US to stop its endless confrontations with China. Yet as the No. 3 political figure of the US, Pelosi refused to listen to any of Kissinger’s words and endangered the interests of the US and its people. She fanned the flames in our neighborhood, but refused to bear responsibility for the dangerous consequences she single-handedly created, which should be condemned.
Founder of the French Institute of International Relations Dominique Moisi wrote in a column in Les Echos that Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is primarily about her personal image and serving her interests in US Congressional midterm elections. The irresponsible US move has added uncertainties to an already uncertain and fragile world, increasing the risks of the situation spiraling out of control, and risks of complications and war.
German international law scholar and former researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law Matthias Hartwig published an article in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung pointing out that the argument that China and Taiwan are two independent countries does not hold water. All attempts to support Taiwan’s separation from China, including Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan, constitute interference in China’s internal affairs and violate international law.
A Romanian international politics expert pointed out in a TV interview that Pelosi insisted on going to Taiwan despite strong opposition from the Chinese government and people, with the intention of triggering a geopolitical crisis. The one-China principle is in line with history and law, and is a consensus of the international community. The President of the Romanian Diplomatic Institute said in a video debate that the one-China principle is the political basis on which 181 countries have established diplomatic relations with China, and is written in black and white in the three China-US joint communiqués. China’s response to the matter demonstrates rationality and wisdom. The President expressed full support for China’s position. A Romanian political commentator published an article accusing Pelosi of trading peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region for votes, and pointed out that instead of manipulating the Taiwan question to contain China, the US should engage in direct and sincere dialogue.
Fact No. 8: The Taiwan question and the Ukraine issue are different in nature. Taiwan is not and has never been a country. It is a part of China. The Taiwan question and the Ukraine issue are not comparable at all.
Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory. The Taiwan question is left over from China’s civil war and purely China’s internal affair. The Ukraine issue is a dispute between two countries, Russia and Ukraine. Some people in the US have deliberately drawn parallels between the Taiwan question and the Ukraine issue to mischaracterize the nature of the Taiwan question, an issue which is purely China’s internal affair. This is also their attempt to seek to deny the legitimacy and rationality of the efforts of the Chinese government to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity and to serve the US’s geostrategic and economic interest at the expense of the welfare of people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and regional peace and stability. This fully exposes their political calculation and sinister intention of using Taiwan to contain China.
The ins-and-outs of the Ukraine issue are crystal clear. As the one who started the Ukraine crisis and the biggest factor fueling it, the US led five rounds of NATO eastward expansion over a span of two decades or so since 1999. NATO increased its membership from 16 to 30 countries and pushed its frontier over 1,000 kilometers eastward right up to Russian borders, forcing the latter step by step into the corner. Thomas Friedman, a US media veteran and The New York Times columnist, pointed out in an article that the ill-considered decision by the US to expand NATO led to the deterioration of ties with Russia and the US government deserves much of the blame.
Since the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis, the US has done nothing to promote peace talks, but sought to benefit from the crisis through a proxy war. This has led to the continuous escalation of tensions and expanded, prolonged and complicated the conflict. This has fully exposed the selfish nature of the US side.
While stressing respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity on Ukraine, the US has trampled on the red line on the Taiwan question and undermined China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. This is nothing but sheer double standard.
The rejuvenation and reunification of the country are a surging trend. It is where the greater national interest lies, and it is what the people desire. The CPC has endeavored to pursue the historic mission of resolving the Taiwan question and realizing China’s complete reunification. We will work with the greatest sincerity and exert utmost efforts to achieve peaceful reunification, because this works best for the people on both sides and for our whole nation.
We do not renounce the use of force and reserve the option of taking all necessary measures. This is to guard against external interference and a tiny number of separatists and their separatist activities for “Taiwan independence”. It in no way targets our compatriots in Taiwan. Non-peaceful means will always remain a last resort.
Fact No. 9: China’s sanctions against Pelosi in the wake of her visit to the Taiwan region are justified and lawful. As a sovereign country, China has every right to do so.
The US’s moves to undermine China’s sovereignty and security have outraged the Chinese people and aroused strong opposition from the international community. China has taken the relevant steps in accordance with the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law. China’s response is also well-founded in international law and beyond reproach.
Numerous facts and figures prove that the US is the most unscrupulous country that abuses sanctions. For a long time, the US has used democracy, human rights and national security as pretexts to impose unilateral sanctions and “long-arm jurisdiction” on others, to seize geopolitical and economic interests and maintain its hegemony. This has seriously undermined the basic norms in international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. It has infringed the relevant countries’ right to development and their people’s right to subsistence.
The US has enacted domestic laws such as the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, and the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, and concocted a series of executive orders to directly impose sanctions on specific countries, organizations or individuals. It has arbitrarily expanded the jurisdiction of US domestic laws with ambiguous theories such as the “minimum contact” and “effects principle”, and abused domestic litigation channels to exercise “long-arm jurisdiction” over entities and individuals in other countries.
Statistics show that the previous US administration imposed a total of over 3,900 sanction measures, equivalent to three sanctions on daily average. The number of sanctions designations of the US Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has grown from 912 in 2000 to 9,421 in October 2021, up by 933 percent. Daniel W. Drezner, Professor at Tufts University and Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, published an article in Foreign Affairs in September 2021, saying that the “United States of America” has become a “United States of Sanctions”.
The US frequently uses its global hegemony to arbitrarily slap sanctions on countries it regards as enemies or adversaries. Since 1962, the US has imposed on Cuba the longest and most severe systemic trade embargo, economic blockade and financial sanctions in modern history. As of 2021, the UNGA has adopted resolutions demanding an end of the US embargo of Cuba for 29th consecutive years. However, the US government keeps the embargo regardless of the just voices of the international community. Since late 1970s, the US has imposed long-term blockade and sanctions on Iran. In May 2018, the US government unilaterally withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and subsequently resumed and added a host of sanctions against Iran. The US has also imposed unilateral sanctions on Belarus, Syria, Zimbabwe and other countries for years, and ramped up “maximum pressure” on the DPRK, Venezuela and other countries.
For a long time, the US has launched economic and financial sanctions against Russia. According to statistics from the Russian State Duma, from 2014 to the beginning of May 2022, the number of sanctions imposed on Russia has reached an unprecedented 10,218, making Russia the most sanctioned country in the world, surpassing Iran. Since the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis, the US has kept escalating its unilateral sanctions against Russia and coerced the world to take sides. Mikhail Popov, Deputy Secretary of the Russian Security Council, said that while pressuring European countries into sanctioning Russia, the US increased crude oil imports from Russia and allowed its companies to import Russian mineral fertilizers. The war and sanctions have caused refugees inflow, capital outflow and energy shortage in Europe, but enabled the US to profit and make a fortune.
The US has not hesitated to sanction its allies. In 1982, the US government arrested Hitachi and Mitsubishi employees on the charge of industrial espionage to suppress Japanese high-tech companies. In 2013, the US Department of Justice detained four senior executives of the French company Alstom, forcing the company to sell core businesses such as power and grid to General Electric at low prices. Out of geopolitical and energy-related calculus, the US has imposed sanctions on the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline project since December 2019. In August 2020, in the dispute between the US and the EU over subsidies for Boeing and Airbus, the US announced that it would maintain its previous decision to impose a 15 percent tariff on large civil aircraft of Airbus. In the same month, then US President Donald Trump announced that in order to provide effective means to address the threatened impairment to the US national security from imports of aluminum from Canada, the US would reimpose the 10 percent tariff on imports of some Canadian aluminum. In December, the US government announced sanctions against Türkiye over its “significant transaction” with Russia to procure the S-400 air defense missile system.
In recent years, the US has sanctioned Chinese institutions and personnel under the pretext of issues related to Xinjiang, Hong Kong, human rights and others which are all China’s internal affairs. It also promulgated and implemented, based on lies and disinformation, the so-called “Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act”, which completely prohibits the importation of goods made in Xinjiang. In addition, the US has imposed so-called visa restrictions on more than 96 million CPC members and their families.
The US overstretches the concept of national security, fabricates various excuses, abuses export control measures and uses state power to unreasonably suppress Chinese institutions and enterprises. All these have seriously undermined fair competition, market economy principles and international economic and trade rules. The US has put more than 1,000 Chinese enterprises and institutions on various sanctions lists; designated biotechnology and artificial intelligence as key technologies over which export controls are strengthened and investment reviews intensified; and suppressed social media applications including TikTok and WeChat.
Under the pretext of safeguarding national security and citizens’ privacy, the Trump administration launched a “Clean Network” program. It explicitly requires the removal of Chinese companies such as Huawei, Baidu and Alibaba from telecom carriers, mobile app stores, mobile apps, cloud services and undersea cables.
China opposes illegal unilateral sanctions and believes that sanctions are never the fundamental or effective way to solve problems. Wielding the stick of sanctions will only inflict serious difficulties on the economy and people’s livelihood in the relevant countries. 
Fact No. 10: Pelosi’ s visit to Taiwan has seriously undermined the political foundation of China-US relations and created obstacles to exchanges and cooperation between the two sides. The US must take full responsibility for it.
The Taiwan question is at the very heart of China’s core interests. The US, while seriously undermining China’s core interests, is asking for China’s cooperation where they need it. The US expects China to accept a fait accompli and swallow the bitter fruit of having its core interests seriously damaged. This is typical hegemonic mentality and gangster logic.
The most important thing in cooperation is mutual respect and mutual benefit. For cooperation to happen, there needs to be the right atmosphere and conditions. Prior to Pelosi’s visit, China put forward cooperation proposals in eight areas and a substantial list for dialogue and cooperation, which fully demonstrated China’s willingness to cooperate. However, the US only wants cooperation in areas of interest to itself and lacks sincerity about China’s cooperation proposals. Moreover, the US has kept introducing negative measures on China, which has seriously disrupted China-US exchange and cooperation.
The current US administration has on multiple occasions articulated to China the “five-noes” commitment (i.e. the US does not seek a new Cold War with China, that it does not aim to change China’s system, that the revitalization of its alliances is not targeted at China, that it does not support “Taiwan independence”, and that it has no intention to seek a conflict with China). However, it says one thing and does another, and has been constantly interfering in China’s internal affairs and damaging China’s interests on issues concerning China’s core interests and major concerns.
Clinging to the Cold War mentality and hegemonic logic, the US has sought bloc politics and concocted the “democracy versus authoritarianism” narrative. It has roped in other countries into its small circles, bolstered the Five Eyes alliance, peddled the Quad, created AUKUS, and stepped up bilateral military alliances. It has also tried every possible means to build an Asia-Pacific version of NATO and advanced “integrated deterrence” against China.
The US has enacted the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022, which prohibits chip funds from being used for investment in China and Chinese companies from participating in the Manufacturing USA network. It also calls for strengthening security precautions for scientific research against China and assessing China’s “threat” to US science and technology. The Trump administration seriously violated WTO rules and launched a large-scale trade war with China. Citing the so-called Section 301 investigation, the US has imposed three rounds of additional high tariffs on about 360 billion US dollars worth of Chinese goods. This erroneous move has not been rectified yet.
China, while firmly opposing all kinds of egregious actions by the US that undermine cooperation, has always sought to advance the sound and steady development of China-US relations for the sake of the welfare of the people of both countries and the world as well as the expectation of the international community and people of the rest of the world. It is the US, not China, that undermines China-US relations and exchanges and cooperation. The US should seriously reflect on what it has done.
Fact No. 11: The responsibility for the suspension of China-US climate talks is on the United States. When it comes to climate change and other issues about global governance on the environment, China will stay committed to international cooperation and continue to honor our commitments with real actions.
China has been making utmost efforts to scale up its response to climate change. In 2020, China announced new targets for its nationally determined contributions. We will strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. We are committed to moving from carbon peak to carbon neutrality in a much shorter time span than what might take many developed countries.
China has been working steadfastly toward its carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets. Since President Xi Jinping declared those targets in 2020, the Chinese government has announced major domestic policy measures on climate response on multiple occasions, and continued to build a 1+N policy framework on carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In October 2021, the Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council and the Action Plan For Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030 were released, which together became the top-arching design running through the two phases of carbon peak and carbon neutrality of China. Implementation plans by sectors, including energy, energy-saving and emissions reduction, circular economy, green consumption, industrial development, urban and rural development and transport, have been introduced. The 1+N policy framework is basically put in place.
China has followed the philosophy of ecological development and has made achievements in green transition. President Xi Jinping’s quote that clear water and green mountains are as valuable as gold and silver has become a shared view among the Chinese public. In 2020, China’s carbon emissions intensity dropped by 18.8 percent compared to that of 2015, overachieving the binding target laid out in the 13th Five-Year Plan. It dropped 48.4 percent from the 2005 level, meaning China had overachieved the target of reducing the intensity by 40 to 45 percent in 2020 compared to 2005, a commitment China made to the world. China reduced about 5.8 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions in cumulative terms, and the rapid growth of CO2 emissions was largely reversed. Since the beginning of this century, China has accounted for a quarter of the world’s new afforestation. China has met the previous goals for its pollution prevention and control tasks were completed with remarkable success, and significantly reduced the number of heavy pollution days. In the report released in June 2022, the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago pointed out that PM2.5 pollution fell in China by almost 40 percent between 2013 and 2020, which is almost equivalent to what the US reduced over 30 years after 1970.
China’s contributions on energy conservation, energy efficiency, development of renewable energy, transportation, and construction basically all account for 30 to 50 percent of the global total. In 2021, non-fossil energy accounted for 16.6 percent of energy consumption in China. China was the top consumer of non-fossil energy in the world. China’s use of renewable energy and total installed power generation capacity have reached record highs, with the installed scale of hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic and biomass power generation staying at the top of the world. China is committed to reaching a total installed capacity of 1.2 billion kilowatts of wind and solar power by 2030, which alone will exceed the total installed power capacity of the US. China’s production and sales of new energy vehicles have ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years. China’s installed share of coal power generation dropped historically to below 50 percent in 2020, total emissions from the coal power industry fell by nearly 90 percent over a decade, and coal consumption of thermal power units has been reduced significantly, saving over 700 million tonnes of raw coal over the decade.
China actively promotes the building of a fair, reasonable, cooperative and mutually beneficial global climate and environmental governance system. As an important participant in global climate governance, China has always actively participated in the main-channel negotiations on climate change and made historic contributions to the conclusion of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. China hosted Part I of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in October 2021, which injected fresh impetus into global governance on biodiversity.
China strongly supports the development of green and low-carbon energy in developing countries. China upholds the concept of “teaching people to fish” and does its best to help developing countries, especially small island countries, African countries and LDCs, to reduce the adverse impact of climate change and improve their capacity to cope with it. Over the past 10-plus years, China has invested about 1.2 billion yuan in South-South cooperation on climate change and signed 40 cooperation documents with 35 countries. For nearly eight years up to 2021, China had implemented more than 200 Chinese aid projects to help other countries address climate change, provided energy-saving and new energy products and equipment to nearly 40 countries, and trained about 2,000 officials and professionals in the field of climate change for 120 developing countries. In April 2022, China launched the China-Pacific Island Countries Climate Action Cooperation Center to add new momentum to climate action in small island countries.
The US has a poor track record on climate change. The US is the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases in cumulative terms. Its per capita carbon emissions have remained high. They are more than double those of China. The US refuses to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. It withdrew from the Paris Agreement at one point, and is slow to fulfill its financial commitments under the Green Climate Fund. It has also used the so-called Xinjiang-related issues as a pretext to sanction and suppress Chinese photovoltaic companies, hindering the global development of new energy. The US has not yet joined the Convention on Biological Diversity, and has long stayed outside the global biodiversity protection system.
Since the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference in 2009, the US still has not earnestly fulfilled its commitments of providing climate finance for developing countries. According to a report released by the World Resources Institute in October 2021, indicators including GDP and cumulative greenhouse gas emissions suggest the US should contribute between 40 and 47 percent of the total 100 billion US dollars climate finance effort in 2018. But the US provided less than 20 percent of its due share with a shortfall of at least 21 billion US dollars and up to 40 billion US dollars. The US lack of credibility and due responsibility has severely undermined the process of global climate governance.
In June 2022, a US Supreme Court’s ruling decided that the Environmental Protection Agency has no right to limit greenhouse gas emissions at the state level, and cannot force power plants to move away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy. This decision will further undermine the Biden administration’s capability to respond to climate change. Stéphane Dujarric, Spokesperson for the UN Secretary-General, indicated at the regular noon briefing that the US Supreme Court’s ruling is a setback in the global fight against climate change and makes it even more difficult to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.
China will, as always, actively participate in international and multilateral cooperation to address climate change. China will continue to unswervingly move toward the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, actively participate in main-channel negotiations on climate change, provide support and assistance to developing countries to the best of its capabilities, and make its own contribution to addressing the global challenge of climate change.
The cooperation between China and the US in the field of climate change cannot be separated from the overall environment of China-US relations. Due to the egregious impact of Pelosi’s provocative visit to Taiwan, China had to suspend the bilateral climate talks with the US. All consequences arising therefrom shall be borne by the US. The US needs to stop looking for new excuses for its inaction on climate change.